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On May 26, 2011, the Ministry of Transport formally issued the “Twelfth Five-year Development Plan for Transportationâ€. Compared with the previous five-year plan, the new “Transportation Plan†focuses on the implementation of the new requirements of the 12th Five-Year Economic and Social Development on transportation in terms of connotation, and builds a convenient, safe, economic, and efficient integrated transportation on the extension. The system is a strategic goal and contains all the functions of the Ministry of Transport, including in particular the promotion of the construction of an integrated transport system, the promotion of modern logistics development, urban passenger transport management, civil aviation and postal service development.
In mid-2010, the Ministry of Transport has issued the “Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan Outline for Road Transportation Industry (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)â€, which is not difficult to find in comparison with “Transportation Planning†and “Road Transport Planningâ€. "Planning" stands at a more macro level and puts forward development plans. The details involved can all be found in "Road Transport Planning".
Improve road network and increase speed
The transportation planning mentioned that in terms of highway transportation, it is necessary to comprehensively improve road network planning, promote the planning and construction of the national highway network, and form a highway network system with clear gradation, complete functions, and clear separation of powers and responsibilities, with emphasis on the construction of national expressways. Provincial highway reconstruction, continue to promote rural road construction. The specific objectives are: the further expansion of the road network, the improvement of technical quality, the total length of the roads reaching 4.5 million kilometers, the completion of the national highway network, the total mileage of the highways reaching 108,000 kilometers, and the urban population of over 200,000 covering more than 90% of the urban population The total length of Grade 2 and above highways reached 650,000 kilometers, the overall technical condition of the provincial and provincial highways reached a good level, and the total length of rural roads reached 3.9 million kilometers.
In terms of the construction of passenger and freight hubs, the expressions of "Transportation Planning" and "Road Transportation Planning" are not exactly the same. The "Transportation Plan" proposes that 100 comprehensive railroads, highways, and urban transportation links should be built to construct an integrated passenger terminal and 200 well-functioning integrated logistics parks or road freight hubs should be built. The "Road Transport Plan" expresses this: In the country, about 100 railroads, highways, and intensive urban transportation arrangements and three-dimensional integrated passenger transportation hubs have been built. In the 196 highway transport hub cities nationwide, a total of 200 logistics parks or road freight hubs with integrated logistics service functions have been built. The completion rate of passenger and freight stations in the national road transportation hub reached 50% and 40%, respectively.
In addition, the "Road Transport Planning" also proposes that a state-level highway transport hub prefecture-level city has at least two first-class passenger stations, and a non-national highway transport hub prefecture-level city has at least one first-class passenger station. County and county-level cities have at least one secondary passenger terminal. In 21 national logistics node cities, each city has built at least 2 and 17 regional logistics nodes, and each city has built at least one comprehensive logistics park with complete functions. At the end of the twelfth five-year period, a total of 150,000 rural passenger stations were built nationwide. 85% of towns and townships have grade passenger stations (one grade passenger station for each key town). The proportion of rural passenger stations reaches 20%, and 90% of the administrative villages have a stop or call station. This is not available in Transportation Planning.
It is worth pointing out that in the "Transport Planning", it is proposed that the average national highway speed should be increased to 60 kilometers per hour, which is not available in the "Road Transport Plan". However, in the "Road Transport Planning" there is one such thing: the punctuality rate of passenger class transport has been increased. The rapid arrival and arrival of highway express freight that meets the needs of modern logistics is more secure, and the average cargo damage rate is further reduced. Although the average speed of vehicles on the national roads is not necessarily related to the punctuality rate, this is one of the guarantees for improving the punctuality rate.
Coordinate multiple transportation methods
The transportation plan predicts that at the end of the twelfth five-year period, the passenger and freight volume of roads will reach 40 billion people and 30 billion tons, respectively. (The “Road Transportation Plan†predicts a slightly different trend: by 2015, the amount of road transport passengers, passenger turnover, The freight volume and cargo turnover amounted to 37.5 billion people, 208 billion person-km, 30 billion tons, and 58.4 billion tons-km respectively.
In order to meet such a large demand for transportation, the "Transportation Plan" proposes that in modern logistics, we must rely on the freight hub to develop modern logistics, support the transformation of transport companies to modern logistics companies, vigorously develop rural logistics, and promote the development of modern logistics. In terms of passenger transport, all eligible towns and townships and 92% of the established villages have passenger buses. For urban passenger transport management, it is necessary to establish a multi-level public transport service network to provide support and guarantee for urban passenger transport management. In cities with a population of 3 million or more, cities with a population of 1 to 3 million, and cities with a population of less than 1 million, the number of public transport vehicles for 10,000 people has reached 15, or 10 and more than 10 standard stations respectively.
This is also the key content of the “Road Transport Planâ€: At the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the rate of transformation of the passenger transport lines within 100 km within the country has reached more than 50%, and the rate of public transport in rural areas has reached more than 70%. The township bus connection rate reached 99%, and the established system village bus rate reached 90%. In the aspect of urban public transport, urban public transport is encouraged to extend its coverage to the surrounding areas of the city, support conditional areas to further promote the transformation of rural passenger transport, encourage the development of town and village public transport, and promote standardized and standardized services. Encourage the opening of intercity or regional bus lines, effectively cover towns and townships along the route, and gradually realize the integration of passenger line networks across cities and regions. Appropriately decentralized administrative authority for intercity lines. Establish and improve the inter-city inter-city public transport coordination mechanism, coordinate the construction of intercity and inter-zone dedicated shelters and call stations, explore the establishment of a unified market entry and exit mechanism, and uniform customer service standards and operational supervision mechanisms. Intercity Intercity Pilot Project: In the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the four major urban agglomerations in central China, depending on the central city, 10 to 15 passenger transport lines are selected each year to carry out trials for the transformation of intercity passenger lines to explore and Improve the management mechanism and operation mode of intercity bus development.
The allocation of transportation resources is a major problem. A relevant person in charge of the passenger transport industry stated that taking inter-city bus as an example, there have been several fierce conflicts caused by the inter-provincial operation of buses. The ultra-low fares of inter-city public transport are advantages that cannot be competed by ordinary passenger transport companies, which affects the income of the original line passenger transport companies. At the same time, while the bus has received strong support from the government, the road passenger transport is facing a lot of tests and the attendance rate has also been seriously affected. The "Road Transport Plan" stipulates that no passenger transport capacity shall be added to the passenger lines above the county where the annual average actual load factor is less than 70%, and no new capacity shall be added to the passenger transport lines parallel to high-speed railways and intercity rail transportation. Without this provision, if the attendance rate does not reach the profitability level, passenger transport companies will not increase their capacity.
In order to achieve survival and development, many passenger transport companies have come up with various methods to expand their business, which coincides with the "Road Transport Plan", that is, to optimize the allocation of long-distance passenger transport resources. We will vigorously develop special passenger transport services such as chartered passenger transport, tourist passenger transport, high-quality class lines, airport express lines, business express passengers, and short-distance haulage, which will provide high-efficiency and high-degree of transport, further enrich the variety of road passenger services, and form a reasonable system with the railway passenger transportation system. The benign pattern of division of labor, complementary advantages, and coordinated development. Strengthen the convergence of services with other modes of transport. Strengthen the road passenger transportation function to connect railways, airports and other hubs and stations, speed up the improvement of the road passenger collection and distribution service network, and scientifically arrange the flight density. Promote the effective docking between road passenger transport and passenger transport modes such as railways, civil aviation, and urban public transport, and actively develop passenger-linked transport.
Improve transport efficiency
In order to meet the huge transportation demand, in addition to increasing the capacity, we must increase the efficiency of transportation. According to the "Transportation Plan", the proportion of mid-to-high-class passenger cars has reached 40%, and the ratio of heavy-duty trucks, special-purpose vehicles and van-type vehicles has reached 25%, 10%, and 25%. The "Road Transport Plan" pointed out that the proportion of high- and medium-size passenger cars and heavy, special and van trucks accounted for 40%, 25%, 20% and 25%, respectively. The actual load rates of passenger bus and commercial trucks reached 56% and 55% respectively. The difference between the two is that the proportion of special vehicles is different.
Experts in the industry pointed out that this means advancing the enlargement, vanity, and specialization of freight vehicles, and encouraging the development of special transport vehicles such as containers, vans, cold storage, bulk, liquid tanks, urban distribution, and multi-axis heavy-duty vehicles, gradually Eliminating open freight vehicles.
Drop-and-hook transport is an important way to improve transportation efficiency, but this is not mentioned in the "Transport Planning". This is probably because the "Transport Planning" is a macro regulation of various modes of transportation, and no further explanations are provided for road transportation. Hitch-and-hitch transport has a large amount of space in the "Road Transport Plan", including 'fully promoting the pilot project of dumping and transportation, cultivating a group of dump-and-hang transport enterprises with demonstration effects, exploring the organization mode of dumping and hanging transport operations, and further improving the promotion of suspension. Transport, comprehensive development of policies, regulations and standards. The ratio of towing and hanging of suspension and transport is 1:2, and the proportion of dumped and transported traffic in trunk transport is more than 10%. In order to truly achieve dumping and transportation, four areas of work are required, including the formulation of policies and regulations, the harmonization of vehicle standards, the establishment of information systems, and the construction of stations.
Reduce emissions
In the "Transport Planning", the energy consumption and CO2 emissions per unit of transport volume of operating vehicles are reduced by 10% and 11%, respectively, compared with 2005. Similarly, the "Road Transport Plan" also pointed out: Compared with 2005, the energy consumption of transportation turnover per unit of passengers and cargo vehicles decreased by 3% and 12%, respectively, and the pollutant emissions decreased by 15% and 30%, respectively, and noise pollution. The degree of overall reduction. New energy models, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly models have been further promoted, and 100% of passenger and cargo vehicles have reached the fuel consumption limit standard. Various new energy-saving technologies, new equipment, new products, and new technologies have been widely promoted, and energy-saving driving training has been widely used. During the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan, a special campaign for energy conservation and emission reduction of road transport was organized throughout the country. The content includes: Technical renovation project for vehicles with excessive fuel consumption: Implementing technical assistance subsidy policies for operating vehicles that have not met the fuel consumption limit standards, during the 12th Five-year Plan period. We will focus on updating more than 15 tons of multi-axle heavy-duty trucks, which will update 50,000 vehicles annually.
The transportation industry is one of the key areas of energy resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It promotes resource conservation and environmental protection, promotes the transformation of economic development models to high energy efficiency, low energy consumption, and low emission models, and puts forward more urgent needs for the green development of transportation. Claim.
Improve road safety
The level of motorization in China has rapidly increased and the traffic volume has increased further, placing higher demands on the safety and security of transportation. The public security and emergency management work is facing a more severe situation and put forward higher requirements for the safety and emergency response capabilities of transportation. The "Transport Planning" proposes that during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the emergency level of road traffic safety will be significantly improved. The number of accidents and deaths per 10,000 vehicle-kilometres in operational vehicles has fallen by an average of 3% annually. The number of accidents and deaths per million passenger-kilometre kilometers in urban passenger transport has dropped by 1% annually. The road emergency protection system is basically perfected, and the emergency command and dispatch ability is significantly enhanced. In general disasters, the time for road requisitioning does not exceed 24 hours, and the emergency rescue time for roads does not exceed 2 hours.
Increasing operational safety is also mentioned in the "Road Transport Plan". Highway emergency needs vehicle protection. The "Road Transport Plan" pointed out that 'relying on large road transport companies, we have established national and local road transport emergency support fleets. The number of emergency transport fleets in each province (region, city) is no less than 300 vehicles. With the cities and cities as the basic units, local passenger and freight emergency transportation support teams shall be set up respectively. The number of local emergency transport fleets shall be no less than 50 buses and no less than 100 trucks. In addition, 100% GPS monitoring equipment is installed on emergency vehicles to strengthen dynamic supervision and timely mobilization of emergency protection vehicles to ensure that the first batch of 100 to 150 vehicles can reach the designated location within 12 hours, and the remaining vehicles can arrive within 24 hours. Specify a collection of locations.
The establishment of an emergency system requires a concerted effort in many aspects. At the end of the twelfth five-year plan period, the GPS integrated control system for key operating vehicles was basically completed in the country, and the GPS installation rate of intercity passenger and tourist passenger vehicles, dangerous goods transport vehicles, and emergency support fleet vehicles reached 100%, and the GPS installation of heavy cargo vehicles was carried out. The rate reached 50%. The safety supervision in key areas and key links has been further strengthened. The source safety management system was further improved. The allocation rate of dangerous goods safety detectors at the second-level and higher-level highway passenger stations reached 100%, and the coverage rate of the source-control system exceeded 95%. The enterprise safety production evaluation system and performance appraisal system are fully established. The number of 10,000 vehicle accidents on road transport vehicles fell by an average of 3% annually, and the death rate per 10,000 vehicles dropped by 10%. The road emergency transportation guarantee system covering the whole country has basically been established, and an emergency command platform with complete functions and interoperable information has been basically established, as well as a unified command, combined with special forces, and a powerful emergency transportation support team.